LSAT Explanation PT 22, S2, Q11: Astronomer: Astronomical observatories in many areas

LSAT Question Stem

The astronomer's argument proceeds by 

Logical Reasoning Question Type

This is a Method of Reasoning question. 

Correct Answer

The correct answer to this question is E. 

LSAT Question Complete Explanation

Before discussing the answer choices, let's summarize and analyze the argument in the passage. The astronomer presents a general claim made by many people that light interference from streetlights is inevitable, making astronomical observatories useless in many areas. The astronomer then offers a counterexample, Sandsville, where the local observatory's view remains relatively clear due to restricted unnecessary lighting and special street lamps that direct their light downward. This demonstrates that it is possible to have both well-lighted streets and relatively dark skies. The structure of the argument consists of a premise (the general claim) and a conclusion (the counterexample).

Now, let's examine the answer choices, keeping in mind that this is a Method of Reasoning question, which asks us to identify how the astronomer proceeds in making their argument.

a) The astronomer does not appeal to a scientific authority in the passage. Instead, they provide a counterexample to challenge the general claim made by many people. This answer choice is incorrect.

b) The astronomer does not question the accuracy of evidence given in support of the opposing position. In fact, no specific evidence is provided for the general claim. The astronomer simply offers a counterexample to dispute the claim. This answer choice is incorrect.

c) The passage does not involve proposing an alternative scientific explanation for a natural phenomenon. The astronomer is addressing the issue of light interference from streetlights and offers a solution (Sandsville's approach) to the problem, not a scientific explanation for a phenomenon. This answer choice is incorrect.

d) The astronomer does not make a distinction between terms in the passage. The argument is focused on providing a counterexample to the general claim, not on clarifying or distinguishing terms. This answer choice is incorrect.

e) This answer choice is correct. The astronomer offers a counterexample (Sandsville) to the general claim that light interference from streetlights is inevitable. By showing that Sandsville has managed to have well-lighted streets and relatively dark skies, the astronomer demonstrates that the general claim is not necessarily true.

In conclusion, the correct answer choice for this Method of Reasoning question is (e), as the astronomer's argument proceeds by offering a counterexample to a general claim.